自然资源的开发利用PPT课件

自然资源的开发利用PPT课件1 自然资源的开发利用PPT课件2 自然资源的开发利用PPT课件3 自然资源的开发利用PPT课件4 自然资源的开发利用PPT课件5 自然资源的开发利用PPT课件6 自然资源的开发利用PPT课件7 自然资源的开发利用PPT课件8 自然资源的开发利用PPT课件9 自然资源的开发利用PPT课件10
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自然资源的开发利用PPT课件文字介绍:第2课时 煤、石油和天然气的综合利用第八章 第一节 自然资源的开发利用1.了解煤、石油、天然气的组成及综合利用的意义,提高“宏观辨识与微观探析”的能力。2.了解煤、石油、天然气为原料综合利用的内容,培养“变化观念”的学科素养。3.了解节约能源及防止污染的重要性,培养关注社会可持续发展的“科学态度与社会责任”。核心素养发展目标PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/1.煤的综合利用(1)煤的组成知识梳理煤物质组成:和组成的复杂混合物元素组成:主要为,还含有少量等元素有机物少量无机物CH、O、N、S(2)煤的综合利用①干馏定义:将煤使之分解的过程主要产品:、、、、______隔绝空气加强热焦炉气粗氨水粗苯煤焦油焦炭PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/②气化定义:将煤转化为的过程主要反应:________________________可燃性气体C+H2O(g)CO+H2③液化直接液化:使煤与氢气作用生成__________间接液化:煤______________等=====高温――――→气化―――――→催化剂CO和H2甲醇液体燃料=====高温――――→气化―――――→催化剂PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/2.天然气的综合利用(1)主要成分:_____清洁_______化工原料:合成和生产,合成两, 个或多个碳原子的等CH4(2)综合利用氨甲醇能源有机化合物PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/3.石油的综合利用(1)石油的组成:由多种组成的混合物(2)石油的综合利用:利用石油中各组分不同进行分离碳氢化合物①分馏原理产品常压:石油气、、、、重油减压:柴油、燃料油、石蜡、润滑油、沥青沸点汽油煤油柴油②裂化目的:提高的产量原理:汽油―――――――――→催化剂加热、加压C16H34十六烷C8H18辛烷+C8H16辛烯―――――――――→催化剂加热、加压PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/目的:生产等气态化工原料③裂解原理:乙烯―――――――――→催化剂加热、加压C8H18辛烷C4H10丁烷+C4H8丁烯C4H10丁烷―――――――――→催化剂加热、加压C2H6乙烷+C2H4乙烯C4H10丁烷―――――――――→催化剂加热、加压CH4甲烷+C3H6丙烯④催化重整目的:使转化为_______产品:或等化工原料链状烃环状烃苯甲苯―――――――――→催化剂加热、加压―――――――――→催化剂加热、加压―――――――――→催化剂加热、加压PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/4.煤、石油、天然气为原料生产合成材料(1)三大合成材料:、、。(2)实例:乙烯制聚乙烯:_________________________________,丙烯制聚丙烯:______________________________________。塑料合成橡胶合成纤维nCH2==CH2――――→催化剂CH2—CH2nCH2==CH—CH3――――→催化剂nCH2==CH2――――→催化剂CH2—CH2nCH2==CH—CH3――――→催化剂PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(1)把煤加强热使之分解的过程为煤的干馏(  )(2)在一定条件下,煤可以和氢气直接反应生成液体燃料(  )(3)煤的气化和液化都是物理变化(  )×√判断正误提示 必须隔绝空气加强热。提示 煤与氢气可以生成液体燃料,该过程为煤的直接液化。×提示 煤的气化为:C+H2O(g)CO+H2,煤的液化分直接液化和间接液化,直接液化为煤和氢气反应生成液体燃料,间接液化是以气化产物CO和H2为原料合成甲醇等,都为化学变化。=====高温=====高温PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(4)石油的分馏产品为纯净物(  )(5)石油的裂解是为了获得更多的汽油等液体燃料(  )(6)许多性能优异的合成高分子材料的原始原料为煤、石油或天然气(  )提示 石油的裂化目的是为了获取更多汽油等燃料,石油的裂解目的是为了获取乙烯等气态化工原料。××√提示 石油的分馏产品为沸点相差不大的烃的混合物。PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/1.煤的气化、液化是物质三态(气、液、固)之间的变化吗?为什么?2.生活中汽车的车用燃料一般为裂化汽油。这种汽油和直馏汽油有何区别?如何鉴别?深度思考提示 不是,物质三态之间的变化是物理变化,煤的气化、液化是化学变化。提示 直馏汽油主要是饱和烃的混合物,裂化汽油中含不饱和烃;可用溴的四氯化碳溶液区别它们。PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/3.目前,多数石油产品仍作为燃料使用,如把石油产品来合成高分子材料,其价值将成倍提升,试写出用汽油(主要成分为辛烷C8H18)为原料,生成聚乙烯塑料的合成原理?提示首先汽油裂解C8H18辛烷―――――――→催化剂加热、加压C4H10丁烷+C4H8丁烯C4H10丁烷―――――――→催化剂加热、加压C2H4乙烯+C2H6乙烷nCH2==CH2――――→催化剂CH2—CH2提示首先汽油裂解C8H18辛烷―――――――→催化剂加热、加压C4H10丁烷+C4H8丁烯C4H10丁烷―――――――→催化剂加热、加压C2H4乙烯+C2H6乙烷nCH2==CH2――――→催化剂CH2—CH2PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/归纳总结1.国内能源供应紧张形势日益加剧,煤的涨价导致部分地区电荒,煤在国民经济中的重要地位由此可见一斑。下列关于煤的说法正确的是A.煤属于有机化合物B.在物质变化类型上,煤的干馏包含了物理变化和化学变化C.煤中含有大量的苯、甲苯等芳香烃,煤是芳香烃的主要来源D.煤转化为水煤气再燃烧放出的热量不会增加,因此煤的气化并无意义跟踪强化√1234解析 煤是由有机物和少量无机物组成的复杂混合物;苯和甲苯是煤中的某些干馏产物中的主要成分,并不是煤本身含有的,是煤干馏过程中发生化学反应生成的;煤气化后变成清洁高效的燃料,再燃烧可提高其利用率,意义重大。12342.下列转化不属于煤或石油的综合利用的是A.将煤干馏制得煤焦油和焦炭B.在一定条件下将煤气化或液化生成气体或液体燃料C.将煤制成煤球作燃料D.将石油裂解制得乙烯等化工原料√解析 将煤制成煤球作燃料还是直接燃烧,并没有综合利用。12343.关于煤和石油的综合利用,下列说法正确的是A.煤中含有甲苯、二甲苯等有机物,可以通过干馏得到B.以煤为主要原料,可以合成甲醇C.石油裂化的目的是获取短链不饱和气态烃D.石油裂化生产的汽油不能使溴水褪色√解析 煤中不含甲苯、二甲苯,它们是煤干馏后的产物,故A错误;煤可以通过间接液化合成甲醇,B正确;石油裂化的目的是获取更多更好的轻质液体燃料,故C错误;裂化汽油中含有烯烃,能使溴水褪色,故D错误。1234解析 煤和石油都是混合物,A错误;煤的干馏为化学变化,而石油的分馏为物理变化,B错误;水煤气主要成分为CO和H2,是煤经过气化生成的,C错误;石油在加热和催化剂的作用下,可以通过结构调整,使链状烃转化为环状烃,如苯、甲苯等,D正确。4.(2018·河南西华一中高一检测)下列有关煤和石油的说法正确的是A.煤和石油都属于有机化合物B.煤的干馏和石油的分馏都属于化学变化C.水煤气是通过煤的液化得到的气体燃料D.石油在加热和催化剂的作用下可使烃分子重整生成苯、甲苯等有机物√1234PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/归纳总结化学中的“三馏”和“两裂”(1)化学中“三馏”比较名称干馏蒸馏分馏原理隔绝空气加强热使物质分解根据液态混合物中各组分沸点不同进行分离与蒸馏原理相同产物混合物单一组分的纯净物沸点相近的各组分组成的混合物类型化学变化物理变化物理变化PPT模板:www.1ppt.com/moban/PPT素材:www.1ppt.com/sucai/PPT背景:www.1ppt.com/beijing/PPT图表:www.1ppt.com/tubiao/PPT下载:www.1ppt.com/xiazai/PPT教程:www.1ppt.com/powerpoint/资料下载:www.1ppt.com/ziliao/个人简历:www.1ppt.com/jianli/试卷下载:www.1ppt.com/shiti/教案下载:www.1ppt.com/jiaoan/手抄报:www.1ppt.com/shouchaobao/PPT课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/语文课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yuwen/数学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shuxue/英语课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/yingyu/美术课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/meishu/科学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/kexue/物理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/wuli/化学课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/huaxue/生物课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/shengwu/地理课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/dili/历史课件:www.1ppt.com/kejian/lishi/(2)化学中“两裂”的比较名称定义目的裂化在一定条件下,把相对分子质量大、沸点高的烃断裂为相对分子质量小、沸点低的烃提高轻质油的产量,特别是提高汽油的产量裂解在高温下,使具有长链分子的烃断裂成各种短链的气态烃和少量液态烃获得短链不饱和烃

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