opioids

释义

[医]类罂粟碱；

Opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: systematic review of efficacy and safety.
Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons
Pharmacological management of persistent pain in older persons: focus on opioids and nonopioids.
Opioids in the management of chronic non-cancer ...
Endogenous Opioids: Biology and Function
Intrathecal and epidural administration of opioids.
Lack of analgesic effect of opioids on neuropathic and idiopathic forms of pain
Therapeutic opioids: a ten-year perspective on the complexities and complications of the escalating use, abuse, and nonmedical use o...
Johnson SW, North RA. Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons. J Neurosci 12: 483-488
Opioids in chronic non-malignant pain. Opioids can cause addiction even in patients with pain.